Pelvic Organ Prolapse: What You Need to Know
Pelvic organ prolapse is a common yet often misunderstood condition that can significantly impact a woman's quality of life.
As a dedicated gynaecologist in North Gosford, Dr Kelly Hankins is committed to providing comprehensive care and education on pelvic organ prolapse.
What is Pelvic Organ Prolapse?
Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments weaken, causing one or more pelvic organs to descend or bulge into the vagina.
The pelvic organs most commonly affected by prolapse include the bladder (cystocele), uterus (uterine prolapse), rectum (rectocele), and vagina (vaginal vault prolapse).
Pelvic organ prolapse can range from mild to severe and may cause a variety of symptoms that can significantly impact a woman's quality of life.
Causes
Pelvic organ prolapse can result from various factors that weaken or damage the pelvic floor muscles and connective tissues, including:
- Pregnancy and childbirth: The strain of pregnancy and vaginal childbirth can stretch and weaken the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments, increasing the risk of prolapse.
- Age-related changes: As women age, hormonal changes, loss of muscle tone, and decreased collagen production can contribute to pelvic floor weakness and prolapse.
- Chronic constipation and straining: Chronic constipation and straining during bowel movements can put pressure on the pelvic floor and contribute to pelvic organ prolapse.
- Obesity: Excess weight can place additional strain on the pelvic floor muscles and increase the risk of prolapse.
- Hysterectomy: Surgical removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) can weaken the pelvic floor support structures and lead to uterine prolapse or other types of prolapse.
- Connective tissue disorders: Certain connective tissue disorders, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or Marfan syndrome, can predispose individuals to pelvic organ prolapse.
Symptoms
Pelvic organ prolapse can cause a variety of symptoms, which may vary depending on the type and severity of prolapse.
Common symptoms include:
- Sensation of pressure or fullness in the pelvis
- Bulging or protrusion in the vaginal area
- Difficulty emptying the bladder or bowel completely
- Urinary incontinence or leakage
- Pain or discomfort during intercourse
- Backache or pelvic pain
- Vaginal bleeding or discharge
It's important to note that some women may not experience any symptoms, while others may have significant discomfort and functional impairment.
Diagnosis of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, pelvic examination, and possibly additional tests or imaging studies.
During the pelvic examination, Dr Kelly Hankins will assess the position of the pelvic organs and evaluate the degree of prolapse.
Additional tests, such as urodynamic testing, cystoscopy, or imaging studies like ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be recommended to assess bladder function or evaluate the extent of prolapse.
Treatment Options for Pelvic Organ Prolapse
The treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, the type and extent of prolapse, and the woman's preferences and health status.
Treatment options may include:
- Conservative management:
- Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels): Strengthening the pelvic floor muscles through exercises can help improve support and reduce symptoms of prolapse.
- Lifestyle modifications: Maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding heavy lifting, and practising good bowel habits can help reduce strain on the pelvic floor and alleviate symptoms.
- Pessaries: Vaginal pessaries are devices inserted into the vagina to support the pelvic organs and relieve symptoms of prolapse. Pessaries come in various shapes and sizes and can be an effective non-surgical treatment option for some women.
- Surgical interventions:
- Pelvic reconstructive surgery: Surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse may be recommended for women with severe symptoms or prolapse that does not improve with conservative measures. Surgical techniques may involve repairing or reinforcing the pelvic floor tissues, restoring support to the pelvic organs, and addressing any associated urinary or bowel issues.
- Hysterectomy: In cases of uterine prolapse or significant uterine descent, surgical removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) may be performed as part of pelvic reconstructive surgery.
Preventive Measures
While the condition may not always be preventable, there are steps women can take to reduce their risk or minimise the severity of prolapse, including:
- Maintaining a healthy weight: Excess weight can increase the strain on the pelvic floor muscles and contribute to prolapse. Maintaining a healthy weight through regular exercise and a balanced diet can help reduce this risk.
- Practising pelvic floor exercises: Regularly performing pelvic floor exercises, such as Kegels, can help strengthen the pelvic floor muscles and improve support for the pelvic organs.
- Avoiding heavy lifting: Lifting heavy objects or engaging in activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure can strain the pelvic floor and increase the risk of prolapse. When lifting, use proper lifting techniques and avoid lifting heavy objects whenever possible.
- Seeking prompt treatment for pelvic floor disorders: Addressing conditions such as chronic constipation, urinary incontinence, or chronic coughing can help reduce strain on the pelvic floor and lower the risk of prolapse.
Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition that can significantly impact a woman's quality of life.
By understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and preventive measures for pelvic organ prolapse, women can take proactive steps to manage their pelvic health and seek appropriate care when needed.
Dr Kelly Hankins remains dedicated to providing compassionate care and support for women in North Gosford, helping them navigate their treatment options and improve their quality of life.
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