Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery
Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition that affects many women, particularly after childbirth and with age. Let’s break the stigma about prolapse and talk about how this medical issue can often be managed effectively with the right support and treatment.
In this article, we’ll cover what pelvic organ prolapse is, the more common symptoms that women experience and when surgery might be considered as part of ongoing management.
> Book Your Consultation
What is pelvic organ prolapse?
Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when the muscles and connective tissues that support the pelvic organs become weakened or stretched, allowing one or more pelvic organs to descend into the vaginal canal. The organs that can be affected include:
- The bladder (anterior prolapse or cystocele)
- The uterus (uterine prolapse)
- The bowel (posterior prolapse or rectocele)
- The vaginal vault (after hysterectomy)
Prolapse can vary in severity, from mild changes with minimal symptoms to more advanced prolapse that affects daily activities.
Common symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse
Symptoms differ between women and do not always correlate with the severity of prolapse. Some women may have significant prolapse with few symptoms, and others may experience more discomfort with milder changes.
Symptoms may include:
- A sensation of heaviness or pressure in the pelvis
- A feeling of a bulge or lump in the vagina
- Difficulty emptying the bladder or bowel
- Urinary leakage or urgency
- Discomfort during intercourse
- Lower back or pelvic discomfort
Symptoms often worsen after periods of prolonged standing or physical activity and improve when lying down.
What causes pelvic organ prolapse?
Pelvic organ prolapse can be due to multiple contributing factors, including:
- Pregnancy and vaginal childbirth
- Ageing and menopause
- Chronic constipation or straining
- Heavy lifting
- Previous pelvic surgery
- Genetic predisposition affecting connective tissue strength
Recognising these influences helps guide treatment and prevention strategies.
Non-surgical treatment options
Surgery is not the first-line treatment for many women with pelvic organ prolapse. Non-surgical methods are often effective for mild to moderate prolapse.
These may include:
- Pelvic floor physiotherapy
- Vaginal pessaries to support pelvic organs
- Lifestyle modifications, such as managing constipation or avoiding heavy lifting
Many women notice symptom relief with these options and might not require surgery.
When might surgery be recommended?
Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery may be considered when:
- Symptoms significantly impact quality of life
- Non-surgical methods have not provided adequate relief
- Prolapse interferes with bladder, bowel or sexual function
- The prolapse is advanced and unlikely to improve with non-surgical treatments
The decision to have surgery is individual and based on symptoms and prolapse stage.
Types of surgical approaches
There are several surgical options for treating pelvic organ prolapse. The method used is determined by the type of prolapse, previous surgery, overall health and personal preferences.
Surgery may involve:
- Repairing weakened pelvic tissues
- Supporting the vaginal walls or uterus
- Using native tissue repairs or other techniques where appropriate
Many prolapse surgeries are performed using minimally invasive approaches, which can offer shorter recovery times compared with open surgery.
Risks and expectations
All surgery carries risks, including bleeding, infection, recurrence of prolapse, and complications affecting surrounding organs. Surgery is intended to relieve symptoms and improve function, but no procedure can guarantee permanent results.
Dr Kelly Hankins will always discuss with you:
- Potential benefits
- Possible risks
- Recovery timelines
- Longer-term considerations
Recovery after prolapse surgery
Recovery varies depending on the type of surgery performed. Early activity restrictions are usually recommended to protect the repair. Pelvic floor rehabilitation may also form part of your recovery.
Dr Hankins provides clear post-operative guidance to support your healing and guide your ongoing pelvic health.
Making informed decisions
Pelvic organ prolapse is common and treatable. Surgery may be a suitable option for you depending on your individual symptoms, goals and circumstances. A personalised consultation allows you to review all your options and choose a treatment plan that meets your needs.